心臟是身體循環系统的動力，使血液在動脈、靜脈、毛細血管內流動：The circulatory system consists of the heart and blood vessels. The heart pumps blood from the lungs to all parts of the body through a network of tubes called arteries, veins and capillaries.
血液的組成部分：Blood has four main components: red blood cells（紅血球）, white blood cells（白血球）, platelets（血小板）, and liquid plasma（血漿）.
血型：Blood type or blood groups are classified as O, A, B or AB.
流血事件：Bloodshed is the killing or wounding of people, usually during fighting or a war. We often say to prevent bloodshed or to avoid bloodshed（例如雙方宣布休戰，便可以避免更多流血）。Blood is shed 或 blood is spilled 表示打鬥中有人死亡。
Massacre, carnage, genocide 幾種大規屠殺的分別：A massacre is an occasion on which a large number of people are deliberately and violently killed. Carnage is the result of a large number of people being killed in war or accident, either on a particular occasion or over a period of time. Genocide（種族滅絕）is the murder of a whole race or group of people.
至於第二次世界大戰期間，納粹對猶太人的大屠殺是：The Holocaust is the killing of millions of Jews by the Nazis in the 1930s and 1940s. 殺人發動戰爭的人要為多個人的死亡負責，我們說：they have blood on their hands. 手法冷靜，而且行動有計劃地進行，不似是出於一時憤怒或自衛才出手殺人，我們說：the killed shot the woman in cold blood, he killed her calmly and coolly.
血緣關係，一般指血親和骨肉：blood relation is a person related to somebody by birth rather than by marriage；有血緣關係的親屬：a blood relative is somebody ultimately descended from the same man or women as oneself. One’s own flesh and blood 可以指親生骨肉，自己的家庭成員。血濃於水：blood is thicker than water；和外間非親非故的人比較，我們會更忠於自己家人：relations come before mere friends. Blood brothers 便是親如手足，血盟結義的好兄弟。
兩個人或兩幫人互相之間的惡感，令彼此仇恨對方：they have ill feeling and strong dislike, there is bad blood between them.
跟 blood 組成的詞語有：new blood 新成員，新力軍；young blood 新血，年輕人；fresh blood is new member of a group 新人；blue blood means of aristocratic or noble birth 貴族血統出身；first blood is someone’s first success 初勝對手。
慣用語 blood, sweat and tears 表示為某件差使付出的努力和痛苦；這句成語的出處，來自英國首相邱吉爾世界大戰時的演說。他曾經幾次說過這句話：”I have nothing to offer but blood, toil, tears and sweat.”（我只有血液、辛勞、眼淚和汗水，可以貢獻給大家。）
骨骼是組成脊椎動物的堅硬器官，功能包括運動、支持和保護身體，製造紅血球和白血球，以及儲藏礦物質。
Bones（骨骼）form the body’s hard, strong skeletal framework. Each bone has a hard, compact exterior surrounding a spongy, lighter interior. The long bones of the arms and legs, such as the thigh bone（股⻣）, have a central cavity containing bone marrow（骨髓）. Bones are composed chiefly of calcium（鈣）and phosphorous（鏻）. Bones meet at joints（關節）. Joints are held in place by bands of tissues（組織）called ligaments（韌帶）.
上述一段描述骨骼文字引伸出來的兩個習用語：a skeleton in the cupboard/closet 不可外揚的家醜或隱衷（a hidden and shocking secret）；out of joint 脫位或不適合：1. pushed out of its correct position of a bone 脫臼, 2. not behaving in the normal way 不正常。
Lazybones is an idle person 懶骨頭是懶漢；bone idle is extremely lazy by nature 懶透了。
骨瘦如柴的人是 a bag of bones：He is very thin, so thin that his bones can almost be seen.
基本的部分，起碼的細節，主要的特徵，可以說 the bare bones, essential and most important features。
很多人長期爭論的某個問題，經常用 a bone of contention, the cause of a dispute or quarrel。
其他流行語，還有：cut to the bone 盡量將成本或資源減到最少（minimize and make as little as possible）；make old bones 活到老年（live to a great age），常用於否定句，例如：He has a strange feeling that he‘ll never make old bones；feel something in your bones 預感，直覺意識到（to know something is true, although it cannot be proved）；make no bones about something 直言不諱（candid and frank）；have a bone to pick up with someone 有事向某人投訴或者有爭端要和他解决（have something that you want to complain about or to resolve a dispute）。
本專欄逢周二、五刊登
